Preheat your oven to 350°F (175°C).
Cut the cabbage into quarters and remove the core. Chop it into bite-sized pieces.
In a large skillet over medium heat, brown the ground beef until fully cooked. Use a spoon to break it apart as it cooks.
Add the chopped onion and minced garlic to the skillet, and sauté until the onion is soft, about 3-4 minutes.
Stir in the diced tomatoes, tomato sauce, cooked rice, Italian seasoning, salt, and pepper. Mix well and let it simmer for about 5 minutes.
In a baking dish, arrange half of the chopped cabbage evenly on the bottom.
Spoon half of the beef mixture over the cabbage layer, followed by another layer of cabbage, and then the remaining beef mixture on top.
Finish with the remaining cabbage on top of the beef mixture.
Cover the baking dish tightly with aluminum foil to keep the moisture in, and bake in the preheated oven for 30 minutes.
After 30 minutes, remove the foil and sprinkle the shredded mozzarella cheese on top. Bake uncovered for an additional 15 minutes, or until the cheese is bubbly and golden.
Allow the dish to cool for a few minutes before serving.