In a mixing bowl, whisk together the flour, granulated sugar, baking powder, and salt. Set aside.
In another bowl, combine the egg yolks, milk, melted butter, and vanilla extract. Mix well.
Gradually add the dry ingredients to the wet mixture, stirring until combined and smooth. Set aside.
In a separate mixing bowl, beat the egg whites using a hand mixer or stand mixer until stiff peaks form.
Gently fold the beaten egg whites into the batter in three additions, being careful not to deflate the mixture.
Preheat a non-stick skillet or griddle over low to medium-low heat and lightly grease with butter or oil.
Use a ¼ cup measuring cup to scoop the batter onto the skillet, giving each pancake some space.
Cook for about 3-4 minutes on one side, or until bubbles form on the surface. Carefully flip the pancakes and cook for an additional 3-4 minutes on the other side.
Repeat with the remaining batter, adding more oil or butter as needed.
Serve the pancakes warm, dusted with powdered sugar and drizzled with maple syrup or your favorite fruit toppings.